Chemistry – Climate Change Education Across the Curricula, Across the Globe

Reading: Beer-Lambert Law

Posted by TROP ICSU: Climate Change Education across the Curriculaon December 26, 2021January 17, 2022in Chemistry

A reading that uses the Beer-Lambert Law to highlight the link between greenhouse gases and global warming. This reading by Tom Kuntzleman, Chemical Education Xchange (ChemEd X), uses the Beer-Lambert Law to explain the increasing global warming potential of Earth’s atmosphere due to the higher concentrations of greenhouse gases in recent times.

Students will learn about the composition of the atmosphere and the greenhouse effect. They will also be introduced to the Beer-Lambert Law which is used to study the transmittance of sunlight through the atmosphere. They will further learn how this law can be used to evaluate the absorbance values of individual gases in the atmosphere, particularly greenhouse gases.

Use this tool to help your students find answers to:

What is the Beer-Lambert Law? How is it expressed in an equation?
Discuss the composition of the atmosphere.
How do increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases affect the absorbance of sunlight?

About the tool

Tool Name	Chemical Connections to Climate Change
Discipline	Chemistry
Topic(s) in Discipline	Beer-Lambert Law, Molar Absorptivity, Solar Absorption, Greenhouse Gases
Climate Topic	Climate and the Atmosphere; Greenhouse Effect
Type of tool	Reading
Grade Level	High School
Location	Global
Language	English
Translation
Developed by	Tom Kuntzleman, Spring Arbor University
Hosted at	Chemical Education Xchange (ChemEd X) Website
Link	https://www.chemedx.org/blog/chemical-connections-climate-change
Access	Online
Computer Skills	Basic

Classroom/Laboratory Activity: Black Carbon and Earth’s Albedo

Posted by TROP ICSU: Climate Change Education across the Curriculaon December 22, 2021January 17, 2022in Chemistry

A laboratory activity to demonstrate the effect of black carbon on surface temperature of the Earth. This activity by Holzer et al. for the NESTA/Windows to the Universe team demonstrates the impact of black carbon on solar radiation absorption, particularly in the poles.

Students will be introduced to the albedo effect of black carbon. From the experiment, they will also learn how to collect and translate their findings using a simple model.

Use this tool to help your students find answers to:

What is the albedo effect of black carbon and how does it affect the surface temperature of Earth?
Discuss how cutting down of black carbon emissions can reduce global surface temperatures.

About the tool

Tool Name	Changing Planet: Black Carbon- A Dusty Situation
Discipline	Chemistry
Topic(s) in Discipline	Carbon Chemistry, Allotropy, Allotropes of carbon, Black Carbon, Greenhouse Gas
Climate Topic	Climate and the Atmosphere, Greenhouse Effect
Type of tool	Classroom/Laboratory Activity
Grade Level	High School
Location	Global
Language	English
Translation
Developed by	Missy Holzer, Jennifer Bergman, and Roberta Johnson
Hosted at	NESTA/Windows to the Universe team Website
Link	Link
Access	Online
Computer Skills	Basic

Video Micro-lecture: Modes of Vibration in Greenhouse Gas Molecules

Posted by TROP ICSU: Climate Change Education across the Curriculaon December 20, 2021January 17, 2022in Chemistry

A micro-lecture that describes the vibrational modes of polyatomic molecules, how these modes determine whether the molecules are IR inactive or IR active and explains why most IR active polyatomic gas molecules are greenhouse gases.

Reading: The Water Cycle

Posted by TROP ICSU: Climate Change Education across the Curriculaon December 17, 2021January 17, 2022in Chemistry

A reading that describes the impacts of climate change on the water cycle of Earth. This reading titled, ‘The Water Cycle and Climate Change’ by UCAR (University Corporation for Atmospheric Research) Center for Science Education details the effects of climate change on the natural water cycle on Earth.

Students will learn how various processes of the water cycle, such as evaporation, precipitation, and cloud formation, are potentially affected by climate change. They will further understand how these changes in turn could exacerbate the impacts of global warming.

Use this tool to help your students find answers to:

Describe the water cycle.
List some of the ways how climate change can affect the weather.
Discuss the water cycle and how it affects Earth’s climate.

About the tool

Tool Name	The Water Cycle and Climate Change
Discipline	Chemistry
Topic(s) in Discipline	Environmental Chemistry, Water Cycle, Biogeochemical Cycles, Hydrologic Cycle, Condensation, Evaporation, Evapotranspiration, Groundwater, Precipitation, Sublimation
Climate Topic	Climate and the Hydrosphere; Climate and the Atmosphere
Type of tool	Reading
Grade Level	Middle School, High School
Location	Global
Language	English
Translation
Developed by	UCAR (University Corporation for Atmospheric Research) Center for Science Education
Hosted at	UCAR Center for Science Education Website
Link	Link
Access	Online
Computer Skills	Basic

Classroom/ Laboratory Activity: Interactive Quiz on the Water Cycle

Posted by TROP ICSU: Climate Change Education across the Curriculaon December 16, 2021January 17, 2022in Chemistry

An interactive quiz about the Water Cycle. This quiz by NASA’s Global Climate Change website allows students to test their knowledge about the natural water cycle and its role in Earth’s climate.

Students will be quizzed on various aspects of the water cycle, including evaporation and precipitation. They will understand the connections between the various components of the water cycle and be introduced to some of the facts and figures associated with these components.

Use this tool to help your students find answers to:

Discuss the ‘Water Cycle’ and its components in the classroom.
Discuss how climate change can potentially affect the water cycle.

About the tool

Tool Name	Precipitation and the Water Cycle
Discipline	Chemistry
Topic(s) in Discipline	Environmental Chemistry, Water Cycle, Biogeochemical Cycles, Hydrologic Cycle, Condensation, Evaporation, Evapotranspiration, Groundwater, Precipitation, Sublimation
Climate Topic	Climate and the Hydrosphere; Climate and the Atmosphere
Type of tool	Quiz
Grade Level	Middle School, High School
Location	Global
Language	English
Translation
Developed by	NASA’s Global Climate Change
Hosted at	NASA’s Global Climate Change Website
Link	https://climate.nasa.gov/quizzes/water-cycle/
Access	Online
Computer Skills	Basic

Video/Microlecture: Precipitation Patterns and Climate Change

Posted by TROP ICSU: Climate Change Education across the Curriculaon December 15, 2021January 17, 2022in Chemistry

A video micro-lecture by Jeff Dozier, University of California, Santa Barbara, that explains how climate change can affect the water cycle on Earth.

Students will learn that rising temperatures can affect and change precipitation patterns. They will further understand how such changes can potentially affect communities through examples from the United States.

Use this tool to help your students find answers to:

Discuss the water cycle and its components in the classroom.
Discuss how climate change induced shifts in precipitation affect communities living in those areas.

About the tool

Tool Name	How Will Climate Change Affect It? – The Water Cycle
Discipline	Chemistry
Topic(s) in Discipline	Environmental Chemistry, Water Cycle, Biogeochemical Cycles, Hydrologic Cycle, Condensation, Evaporation, Evapotranspiration, Groundwater, Precipitation, Sublimation
Climate Topic	Climate and the Hydrosphere; Climate and the Atmosphere
Type of tool	Video/Microlecture (2 mins)
Grade Level	High School
Location	Global, USA
Language	English
Translation
Developed by	Jeff Dozier, University of California, Santa Barbara
Hosted at	National Science Foundation on YouTube
Link	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fI5b5bwpdVE
Access	Online
Computer Skills	Basic

Reading: Hydrocarbon Combustion

Posted by TROP ICSU: Climate Change Education across the Curriculaon December 14, 2021January 17, 2022in Chemistry, Environmental Sciences

A reading that introduces hydrocarbons, fossil fuels, and the products of combustion of different hydrocarbons such as carbon dioxide- a greenhouse gas.

Reading: Carbon Sequestration and Climate Change

Posted by TROP ICSU: Climate Change Education across the Curriculaon December 13, 2021January 17, 2022in Chemistry, Environmental Sciences

A reading that describes natural carbon sources and sinks. This reading by Noelle Eckley Selin, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, describes how anthropogenic activities alter the concentration of carbon in various sources and sinks, thus, contributing to global warming.

Students will learn about the various types of carbon sinks and sources. They will further understand the importance of the removal of this excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere using technologies for carbon capture and storage, and carbon sequestration.

Use this tool to help your students find answers to:

What are the natural sources and sinks of carbon on Earth?
Discuss the importance of carbon sequestration for climate mitigation.
Discuss carbon sequestration through carbon capture and storage technologies.

About the tool

Tool Name	Carbon Sequestration
Discipline	Chemistry, Environmental Sciences
Topic(s) in Discipline	Carbon Sequestration, Carbon Capture and Storage, Carbon Sources and Sinks
Climate Topic	Climate and the Atmosphere; Climate Mitigation and Adaptation; Climate and the Biosphere; Climate and the Lithosphere
Type of tool	Reading
Grade Level	Middle School, High School
Location	Global
Language	English
Translation
Developed by	Noelle Eckley Selin
Hosted at	Britannica
Link	https://www.britannica.com/technology/carbon-sequestration
Access	Online
Computer Skills	Basic

Reading: The Concrete Problem

Posted by TROP ICSU: Climate Change Education across the Curriculaon December 11, 2021January 17, 2022in Chemistry, Environmental Sciences

A reading that describes how the cement industry contributes to global warming. This reading by Carbon Brief discusses the production of traditional cement and how this contributes to 8% of carbon dioxide emissions globally. It further highlights the projected increase in demand for concrete, particularly in developing countries, and how this could potentially raise emissions further.

Students will learn about global large-scale cement production and the resulting carbon emissions. They will also learn about alternate and ‘novel’ methods of production that are being researched and the complexities of switching to these modes of production. They will further understand the practical, political and economic complexities with respect to cutting emissions as per global standards.

Use this tool to help your students find answers to:

What is cement and how is it produced?
List some of the reasons ‘emissions per tonne of output’ has reduced in cement production? In contrast, why are sector emissions still on the rise?
Discuss the current ‘roadmap’ of cement production with respect to the 2C scenario.

About the tool

Tool Name	‘Q&A: Why cement emissions matter for climate change’
Discipline	Chemistry, Environmental Sciences
Topic(s) in Discipline	Environmental Chemistry, Cement, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Pollution
Climate Topic	Climate and the Atmosphere; Climate and the Anthroposphere
Type of tool	Reading
Grade Level	High School, Undergraduate
Location	Global
Language	English
Translation
Developed by	Jocelyn Timperley, Carbon Brief
Hosted at	Carbon Brief Website
Link	https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-why-cement-emissions-matter-for-climate-change
Access	Online
Computer Skills	Basic

Model/ Simulator: The Greenhouse Effect

Posted by TROP ICSU: Climate Change Education across the Curriculaon December 9, 2021January 17, 2022in Chemistry

An interactive simulation to explore the role of different greenhouse gases in causing the greenhouse effect. This PhET simulation titled, ‘The Greenhouse Effect’ by University of Colorado, Boulder, helps to visualize the greenhouse effect of the atmosphere.

Students will learn how certain gases in the atmosphere absorb outgoing terrestrial radiation and re-radiate the energy back to Earth’s surface. Using the simulation, they will also be able to adjust the concentration of different greenhouse gases and to note the corresponding surface temperatures of the planet.

Use this tool to help your students find answers to:

What are greenhouse gases?
What is the ‘greenhouse effect’ of the Earth’s atmosphere?
Discuss how varying concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere cause global warming.

About the tool

Tool Name	The Greenhouse Effect
Discipline	Chemistry
Topic(s) in Discipline	Greenhouse Effect, Greenhouse Gases (GHGs), Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Global Warming
Climate Topic	Greenhouse Effect; Introduction to Climate Change
Type of tool	Simulation
Grade Level	Middle School, High School
Location	Global
Language	English, French, German, and Spanish
Translation
Developed by	PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado
Hosted at	PhET Interactive Simulations Website
Link	https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/greenhouse
Access	Online
Computer Skills	Basic

Reading: Black Carbon – An Introduction

Posted by TROP ICSU: Climate Change Education across the Curriculaon December 7, 2021January 17, 2022in Chemistry

An infographic that contains information on black carbon in the atmosphere and its contribution to global warming. This infographic titled, ‘Black Carbon’, by Climate & Clean Air Coalition (CCAC), explains what black carbon is, its sources, emission rates, impacts on health and climate, and solutions to reduce its emission.

Students will get a brief overview of how black carbon is formed, how long it remains in the atmosphere and its impacts on climate and health. They will also learn about some of the solutions that have been suggested to curb this pollutant.

Use this tool to help your students find answers to:

Describe some of the impacts of black carbon on climate and health.
Discuss the feasibility of the solutions proposed in the infographic in the context of a developing country.

About the tool

Tool Name	Black carbon
Discipline	Chemistry
Topic(s) in Discipline	Carbon Chemistry, Allotropy, Allotropes of carbon, Black Carbon, Greenhouse Gas
Climate Topic	Climate and the Atmosphere, Greenhouse Effect
Type of tool	Reading (Infographic)
Grade Level	High School
Location	Global
Language	English
Translation
Developed by	Climate & Clean Air Coalition (CCAC)
Hosted at	Climate & Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) Website
Link	https://www.ccacoalition.org/en/slcps/black-carbon
Access	Online
Computer Skills	Basic

Classroom/Laboratory Activity: Black Carbon and Human Health

Posted by TROP ICSU: Climate Change Education across the Curriculaon December 6, 2021January 17, 2022in Chemistry

A classroom activity that discusses the impacts of black carbon emissions on human health. This activity by the Science Education Research Center at Carleton College (SERC Carleton) demonstrates how the burning of fossil fuels and biomass-based fuels results in black carbon emissions, contributes to global warming, and impacts human health in different parts of the world.

Students will be introduced to ‘black carbon’ and understand how it is generated from various household sources in developing countries. They will also be challenged to critically evaluate various health and environmental impacts of household fuels, and to come up with suitable solutions in response to this.

Use this tool to help your students find answers to:

Discuss the effect of black carbon on human health?

About the tool

Tool Name	Energy and the Poor- Black Carbon in the Developing Nations
Discipline	Chemistry
Topic(s) in Discipline	Carbon Chemistry, Allotropy, Allotropes of carbon, Black Carbon, Greenhouse Gas, Human Health
Climate Topic	Climate and the Atmosphere; Greenhouse Effect; Climate and Health
Type of tool	Classroom/Laboratory Activity
Grade Level	Undergraduate
Location	Global
Language	English
Translation
Developed by	Science Education Research Center at Carleton College
Hosted at	Science Education Research Center at Carleton College Website
Link	https://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/energy/activities/32421.html
Access	Online
Computer Skills	Basic

Reading: Black Carbon in the Atmosphere

Posted by TROP ICSU: Climate Change Education across the Curriculaon December 5, 2021January 17, 2022in Chemistry

A reading that describes the effects of black carbon on the atmosphere and the climate system. This reading by Carl Zimmer for the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies details the albedo effect of black carbon, how it affects cloud formation, and its warming and cooling effects of the Earth’s surface.

Students will learn that black carbon is potentially second only to carbon dioxide in its heat trapping power. They will also learn about how it affects the Earth’s climate system. Students will further understand the complexities of black carbon emissions and why only certain emissions cause an increase in Earth’s temperature.

Use this tool to help your students find answers to:

What is black carbon?
What are some of the effects of black carbon on clouds?
Discuss how the deposition of black carbon on ice caps affects the melting of ice?
Explain how black carbon can have a cooling or warming effect on the planet?

About the tool

Tool Name	Black Carbon and Warming: It’s Worse than We Thought
Discipline	Chemistry
Topic(s) in Discipline	Carbon Chemistry, Allotropy, Allotropes of carbon, Black Carbon, Greenhouse Gas
Climate Topic	Climate and the Atmosphere; Greenhouse Effect
Type of tool	Reading
Grade Level	High School, Undergraduate
Location	Global
Language	English
Translation
Developed by	Carl Zimmer, The New York Times
Hosted at	Yale Environment 360 (E360), Yale School of Environment, Website
Link	https://e360.yale.edu/features/carl_zimmer_black_carbon_and_global_warming_worse_than_thought
Access	Online
Computer Skills	Basic

Visualization: Introduction to the Carbon Cycle

Posted by TROP ICSU: Climate Change Education across the Curriculaon December 4, 2021January 17, 2022in Chemistry, Environmental Sciences

An infographic that describes the Carbon Cycle and how anthropogenic activities affect the Carbon Cycle. This infographic by NASA explains how higher concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere due to anthropogenic activities are affecting the natural carbon cycle.

Students will learn about the carbon cycle and the absorption of carbon dioxide by the land and oceans. They will further be introduced to facts and figures regarding the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Use this tool to help your students find answers to:

Discuss the ‘Carbon Cycle’ in the classroom.
How do anthropogenic activities affect carbon dioxide concentrations?

About the tool

Tool Name	Earth’s carbon cycle is off balance
Discipline	Environmental Sciences; Chemistry
Topic(s) in Discipline	Carbon Cycle, Biogeochemical Cycles
Climate Topic	Long-term Cycles and Feedback Mechanisms
Type of tool	Reading
Grade Level	Middle School
Location	Global
Language	English
Translation
Developed by	NASA
Hosted at	Climate NASA Website
Link	https://climate.nasa.gov/climate_resources/136/infographic-earths-carbon-cycle-is-off-balance/
Access	Online
Computer Skills	Basic

Reading: Carbon Sequestration in Soil

Posted by TROP ICSU: Climate Change Education across the Curriculaon December 3, 2021January 17, 2022in Chemistry, Environmental Sciences

A reading by Judith D. Schwatz for YaleE360, published at the Yale School of the Environment, that describes how carbon is stored in soil. It discusses carbon sequestration, carbon capture and storage and carbon sources and sinks. It further highlights how the release of carbon from the soil due to anthropogenic activities can cause global warming.

Students will learn about ‘soil carbon’ and its role in sequestering carbon dioxide. They will understand the importance of land restoration and some of the techniques and methods utilised to improve soil quality.

Use this tool to help your students find answers to:

What is ‘carbon sequestration’?
Discuss the role of soil in the carbon cycle?
Describe some of the methods used to restore land.

About the tool

Tool Name	Soil as Carbon Storehouse: New Weapon in Climate Fight?
Discipline	Chemistry, Environmental Sciences
Topic(s) in Discipline	Carbon Cycle, Carbon Sequestration, Carbon Capture and Storage, Carbon Sources and Sinks
Climate Topic	Climate Mitigation and Adaptation; Climate and the Lithosphere; Climate and the Atmosphere; Climate and the Biosphere
Type of tool	Reading
Grade Level	High School
Location	Global
Language	English
Translation
Developed by	Judith D. Schwatz
Hosted at	YaleE360, published at the Yale School of the Environment
Link	https://e360.yale.edu/features/soil_as_carbon_storehouse_new_weapon_in_climate_fight
Access	Online
Computer Skills	Basic

Teaching Module: Biogeochemical Cycles and Climate Change

Posted by TROP ICSU: Climate Change Education across the Curriculaon November 27, 2021January 17, 2022in Chemistry

A teaching module that discusses the carbon cycle and the nitrogen cycle. This reading by University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) describes the 2 cycles and details how the components are cycled through different parts of the Earth- atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere.

Students will be introduced to biogeochemical cycles, the processes involved, and how the carbon and nitrogen cycles work. They will further understand how anthropogenic activities potentially alter the functioning of such cycles and how this contributes to climate change.

Use this tool to help your students find answers to:

What is the carbon cycle? Describe its components and processes.
What is the nitrogen cycle? Describe its components and processes.
Discuss how biogeochemical cycles influence Earth’s climate?

About the tool

Tool Name	Biogeochemical Cycles
Discipline	Chemistry
Topic(s) in Discipline	Carbon Cycle, Nitrogen Cycle, Sequestration, Capture and Storage, Sources and Sinks, Biogeochemical Cycles
Climate Topic	Long-term Cycles and Feedback Mechanisms; Climate and the Atmosphere, Climate and the Biosphere; Climate and the Hydrosphere, Climate and the Anthroposphere; Climate Mitigation and Adaptation
Type of tool	Teaching Module
Grade Level	Middle School, High School
Location	Global
Language	English
Translation
Developed by	University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Hosted at	UCAR Website
Link	Link
Access	Online
Computer Skills	Basic

Classroom/ Laboratory Activity: Using Isotopes to Measure Temperatures

Posted by TROP ICSU: Climate Change Education across the Curriculaon October 27, 2021November 6, 2021in Earth Sciences

A classroom/ laboratory activity titled, ‘From Isotopes to Temperature: Working With A Temperature Equation’ from Starting Point by Dorien McGee, University of South Florida, USA, that uses oxygen isotopic data from corals and sea water as a proxy for determining ocean temperatures.

This activity includes isotope and ocean temperature data in an Excel spreadsheet and a PowerPoint Presentation with detailed instructions and equations. It further includes questions that you may wish to use in your classroom to introduce different oxygen isotopes, methods of data collection and how isotopic data can be used to reconstruct average ocean temperatures.

Students will learn basic concepts in both Chemistry and Earth Sciences related to isotopes, isotopic ratios, and the temperature equation.

Use this tool to help your students find answers to:

Define ‘isotopes’.
What can the ratio of oxygen isotopes found in corals tell us about the ocean temperature on a geological timescale?
What does the correlation coefficient between oxygen isotopes and current ocean temperature tell us about the efficiency of using corals for statistical analysis?

About the Tool

Tool Name	From Isotopes to Temperature: Working With A Temperature Equation
Discipline	Chemistry, Earth Sciences
Topic(s) in Discipline	Isotopes, Oxygen Isotopes, SMOW, Isotopic Ratios, δ18O, Correlation, Regression, Oceanography, Paleontology, Marine Geology
Climate Topic	Climate and the Hydrosphere, Climate Variability Record
Type of tool	Classroom/Laboratory Activity
Grade Level	Undergraduate
Location	Global
Language	English
Translation
Developed by	Dorien McGee, University of South Florida, USA
Hosted at	Starting Point: Teaching Entry Level Geoscience
Link	Link
Access	Online, Offline
Computer Skills	Basic

Classroom/Laboratory Activity: Quiz on Carbon Cycle

Posted by TROP ICSU: Climate Change Education across the Curriculaon October 3, 2021October 26, 2021in Chemistry, Environmental Sciences

An interactive online quiz to test student’s understanding of the carbon cycle. This quiz by NASA can help students understand the various components of the carbon cycle and their influence on Earth’s climate.

Students will learn about the processes involved in regulating carbon and the role of atmospheric carbon in the carbon cycle. They will further understand how changes in these components can contribute to climate change.

Use this tool to help your students find answers to:

What are the various components of the Carbon Cycle?
Discuss how the cycling of carbon through the atmosphere is affected by anthropogenic activities.
Discuss the difference between carbon sinks and carbon sources using examples.

About the tool

Tool Name	Carbon and the climate
Discipline	Environmental Sciences: Chemistry
Topic(s) in Discipline	Carbon Cycle, Biogeochemical Cycles
Climate Topic	Long-term Cycles and Feedback Mechanisms
Type of tool	Classroom/Laboratory Activity
Grade Level	Middle School, High School
Location	Global
Language	English
Translation
Developed by	NASA
Hosted at	https://climate.nasa.gov/
Link	https://climate.nasa.gov/climate_resources/96/quiz-carbon-and-the-climate/
Access	Online
Computer Skills	Basic

Reading: Molecular Vibration Modes and the Greenhouse Effect

Posted by TROP ICSU: Climate Change Education across the Curriculaon April 4, 2019May 8, 2019in Chemistry

A reading that discusses how chemical bonds in molecules respond to incident IR light and absorb IR energy during certain modes of vibration. The reading includes discussions on the vibrational modes of water vapor and carbon dioxide (CO₂) molecules and explains why these gases act as greenhouse gases.

Tag: Chemistry

Reading: Beer-Lambert Law

Classroom/Laboratory Activity: Black Carbon and Earth’s Albedo

Video Micro-lecture: Modes of Vibration in Greenhouse Gas Molecules

Reading: The Water Cycle

Classroom/ Laboratory Activity: Interactive Quiz on the Water Cycle

Video/Microlecture: Precipitation Patterns and Climate Change

Reading: Hydrocarbon Combustion

Reading: Carbon Sequestration and Climate Change

Reading: The Concrete Problem

Model/ Simulator: The Greenhouse Effect

Reading: Black Carbon – An Introduction

Classroom/Laboratory Activity: Black Carbon and Human Health

Reading: Black Carbon in the Atmosphere

Visualization: Introduction to the Carbon Cycle

Reading: Carbon Sequestration in Soil

Teaching Module: Biogeochemical Cycles and Climate Change

Classroom/ Laboratory Activity: Using Isotopes to Measure Temperatures

Classroom/Laboratory Activity: Quiz on Carbon Cycle

Reading: Molecular Vibration Modes and the Greenhouse Effect

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