Here is a step-by-step guide to using this lesson plan in the classroom/laboratory. We have suggested these steps as a possible plan of action. You may customize the lesson plan according to your preferences and requirements.

1. Introduction to the Earth’s Climate System

Video Lectures (1 hr 30 min)

Introduce the Earth’s climate system to your students through the video lectures ‘Introduction to Climate Science – Lectures 1 and 2’ by Prof Raghu Murtugudde, University of Maryland, and developed by the National Resource Center on Climate Change at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune. These lectures were developed to train undergraduate educators to effectively teach Climate Change in their classrooms.

Emphasize the following topics from the video lecture: What determines the climate of planet Earth, the significant role of the sun and the solar energy flux received on the planet, changes in the solar energy flux due variations in Earth’s orbital parameters, Milankovitch cycles, the role of the atmosphere and the greenhouse effect of the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the lithosphere, the cryosphere, the biosphere, the anthroposphere and interactions between them on a variety of time scales.

2. Introduction to the Simulator ‘Build Your Own Earth’

Introduction to Simulator ‘Build Your Own Earth’ (15 min)

Introduce your students to the Build Your Own Earth simulator developed by the University of Manchester. Direct your students to watch the short tutorials on how to use the simulator.

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3. Classroom/Laboratory Activity

Classroom/Laboratory Activity (30 min)

Begin by providing your students with an overview of the simulator. You may use the following description.

• Build Your Own Earth is a web-based tool that is based on the Fast Ocean-Atmosphere Model – a global circulation model that features coupled models of sea ice, oceanic, and atmospheric processes.
• This tool provides 50 different Earth configurations in three categories: Recent, Ancient, and Alien Earths. Within each type of earth, the user has the option to vary several factors and determine the average surface temperature and Earth’s climate.
• The Recent Earth category is based on present day configurations, while the Ancient Earth category includes a series of paleo-climate simulations of past geologic eras from the Last Glacial Maximum around 21,000 years ago to the Ediacaran 600 million years ago.
• The Alien Earth category includes options to visualize the climate of the planet if it were an aquaplanet, terra planet, or ice planet, amongst others.

Provide instructions to your students on how to use this simulator. You may use the following instructions to help students get familiar with the simulator.

1. To begin, use the selector (EARTH) to choose which earth to display – Recent, Alien or Ancient. As you select the Earth-type, you will see the Earth properties panel change to reflect the properties of the selected Earth type.
2. Use the climate property selector – Atmosphere, Ice, Land, or Ocean – to choose the climate property that will be displayed for the selected Earth.
3. Once you have selected the Earth-type and climate property, select the “view climate model” button to enter the climate viewer screen. Now you will be able to see the selected Earth with the chosen climate property displayed in the climate viewer.
4. The climate viewer cycles through the climate data for each month of the year. You can select the Pause button to pause play or drag the timeline slider to any month.
5. You can use the View Switcher to change the view shown in the climate viewer to the North Pole, South Pole, International Dateline (180°), or the Prime Meridian (0°).
6. You can add another Earth to the viewer for comparison. To do this, select the Add Earth 2 tab. You can now see two Earths displayed on the climate viewer separated by a divider. The Earth on the left is Earth 1 and the Earth on the right is Earth 2. You can move the slider left and right to see more of each Earth.
7. You can change the climate property that is being shown for each Earth at any time.
8. You can select the download image button to download an image showing the current view in the climate viewer.

Note that the different configurations for the Earth are

Earth

• Recent – Current Day 2015, No Greenhouse gases, Preindustrial control, and others.
• Ancient – 21 Ka: Last Glacial Maximum, 20 Ma: Miocene, and others.
• Alien – Aquaplanet, Ice planet, Terra planet, and others.

Climate Property

• Atmosphere – Mean temperature, Total Precipitation, and others.
• Ice – Sea Ice Fraction, Sea Ice Thickness, and others.
• Land – Land Surface Albedo, Cloud-Free Surface Albedo, and others
• Ocean – Ocean Currents, Ocean Salinity, and others.

Give your students an assignment and ask them to answer the following questions. The solutions to the assignment are provided as a separate downloadable document.

• Q 1. What would Earth’s climate be like if the sun were faint? What would it be like if the sun was warmer?
• Q 2. What would Earth’s average surface temperature be if we had no greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?
• Q 3. What would Earth’s average surface temperature be if the CO2 levels were double of pre-industrial levels? In the year 2100?
• Q 4. What was the average surface temperature of the Earth during the Last Glacial Maximum? In the Cambrian (540 million years ago)?
• Q 5. What would Earth’s climate be like if it was entirely covered in Ice?
• Q 6. What would Earth’s climate be like if it was an Aquaplanet? If it was a Terraplanet?

Use this lesson plan to help your students find answers to:

1. What would Earth’s climate be like if the sun were faint? What would it be like if the sun was warmer?
2. What determines the average surface temperature of planet Earth?
3. What would Earth’s average surface temperature be if we had no greenhouse gases in the atmosphere? If the CO2 levels were double of pre-industrial levels? In the year 2100?
4. What was the average surface temperature of the Earth during the Last Glacial Maximum? In the Jurassic (170 million years ago)? In the Cambrian (540 million years ago)?
5. What would Earth’s climate be like if it was entirely covered in Ice? If it was an Aquaplanet? If it was a Terraplanet?